After a long time after the first publication of the interview to Juan Ignacio Cirac in this blog and Gate of Heaven, was still a battery of questions which were not published until now. Given the lack of time and constant work agenda in the daily mark has not been possible to see the light before. However, better late than never, so without delay transmit the transcript of the second part of the interview that was developed such that a September 7, 2006. Finally I also want to thank again the cooperation shown by our interviewee, D. Juan Ignacio Cirac and D. María Vicente Desantes Guanter, which always helped and shared this exciting project. You both convey a big hug and a special greeting.
Interview of the documentary Fearless Juan Ignacio Cirac.
is a pleasure and an honor to interview and would like to congratulate him on getting his latest Prince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research.
about their research.
I. Because according to the perspective of the beholder, physics makes your ideas and discoveries which are as quantum electrons or photons, but the absence of any, state what the main objectives of his research in order to understand its scope and importance.
R. Firstly I do what is called basic research, basic research does not look at the applications and attempts to describe and understand the phenomena of nature, so my research attempts to describe the microscopic world, quantum of atoms and molecules. Once we know and can describe, we try to check later to search for applications within the information world, how to communicate in a more effective within the laws of quantum physics.
Research Support.
II. It seems he was conducting research at the renowned Massachusetts Institute which is one of the bulwarks or foci of research and development worldwide, for all scientists and researchers from almost any subject or area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, in addition to a large group of universities and institutions such as Max Planck Institute, What ingredients needed to create that Spain could create a research center of that entity (although it is known to create a research center at European level similar to MIT)?
R. I think that in Spain there are already research centers high international level, what happens is that centers are required for all fields of knowledge, However, if there are major centers, do not know very well, but for example the cancer research center and other experiments, can be a good example. What happens is that schools like MIT, are a bit more complex due to the fact that in the U.S., funding sources, community, society and laws are different than other perspectives in Spain raised the issue of research. In fact, a student or researcher at MIT in the United States might become rich, you can invest part of his fortune to create chairs in their specific research area of \u200b\u200bknowledge ... and this approach is not available in Spain. In Spain, research is financed with public funds and then the government has to decide what to do with such financing, that is, if you invest in roads or research center to develop a high level and is usually the second, so it's something very complicated. In Germany, what happens is that there is tradition, as Max Planck Institute has mentioned, so there are private research centers more or less elitist that they have much money to invest in research and it's already consolidated. Here in Spain is trying to get little by little and it seems that some centers are emerging lately with this approach.
on quantum physics.
III. How many photons are able to weave science and the implications of this phenomenon in the development of quantum computing technology?
R. I have to answer this question in parts. Quantum information within two applications one is the quantum communication, how we can communicate secret information efficiently using quantum physics and on the other hand we have quantum computing and how we can make calculations more efficient. For photon quantum communication are important and the information is transmitted through them, to be very interesting to entanglement so you only need a pair of entangled photons for secure communication can be and that point has already been tested in laboratories, so that existing equipment sold in the market with quantum encryption technology. If we go to quantum computing a pair of entangled photons is not enough actually to do something useful and unusual or not do within their capabilities of current computers, it would be necessary to work around 1000 or 1 million photons or other particles, since in this case the photons are not the most appropriate, but if the atoms, electrons for example, though we are far from mastering this amount of entangled particles in fact now is coming to weave between 7 and 8 atoms or electrons.
IV. There is a famous phrase or quotation of Sir William Braga prays, "God put to work according to the electromagnetic wave theory on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and the Devil according to quantum theory on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday." So my question is, what do you think is the missing link in quantum mechanics, or what is the same on Sunday in the appointment of Sir William?
R. I think that right now as we see every day physics are the same, quantum physics we describe the wave of light and light particles, in a very natural and can be easily understood, however the problem exists to understand, is that quantum physics defines the properties of the particles are not defined unless the look, therefore the answer to this question is that if Monday is a property and appears as a wave, every Tuesday will be another and appear as a particle, because depending on how you look or ask and be a wave or a particle.
Quantum Physics and Information Science.
V. There is an issue that the documentary is concerned, specifically the ability relationship of information in both documentary databases, and relational and recovery. If quantum mechanics with the tax return can be done in a second, imagine how quantum effects act when performing millions of operations of comparison, Boolean ... in such systems? Is there any limit?
R. Today we know that quantum mechanics allows us to do things more efficiently. Not all but some specific things, such as factoring numbers, make calculations, do simulations and even searching unordered databases. For example if you have a phone which is formed by disordered and phone numbers you need to find a specific number, is a very complicated operation because you have to find it by looking one by one all the scroll, then quantum mechanics allows you to do it more efficiently by a quantum algorithm so that if we were at a microscopic level these data bases would handle the data in a very simple and multiple computers all in relation to the foundations of quantum mechanics, so it can be very useful. All you have to make it very clear that to reach it will take a long time and that quantum mechanics can help solve a particular problem for your profession will be necessary before the creation of a quantum computer. However, in the build I'm sure you will have an important application in the sector.
VI. Could we think about the Quantum development of an Intranet, or is it a crazy idea and very difficult to realize or would depend on the quantum computer that just mentioned?
R. I'll make out, the data search and communication. For the first need of a quantum computer. If you need is communication can have a distributed basis and that quantum mechanics also helps, is what is called a quantum communication network also is investigating and making the first experiments ... Ultimately what we have in the quantum information is a bit like the tip of the iceberg. We know that quantum mechanics would help us in this, that, in information, in passing, but when we have mastered the microscopic world and do not really cost much money to create a team that works with the laws of quantum mechanics, all quantum information systems will replace all conventional systems either distributed databases ... and the reason is that quantum mechanics allows do everything that prevents us from doing classical mechanics, ie a computer with a system of quantum cryptography and quantum communication system can do the same as a classical system and more, for example, exploring more efficient bases data, distributed databases, operations and complex calculations ...
VII. To what extent believes that quantum mechanics can change current programming standards high and low, ie at the server level and processes of internal memory of computers?
R. Actually if we had control over the microscopic world trade it completely. It would be programmed in a language that could drive quantum mechanics and the current languages \u200b\u200bdo not use it, so these languages \u200b\u200bshould be changed. But do not panic because that will not change until many years from now, fortunately happen within 50 years.
VIII. A question and possibly risky empty ... but which I require your opinion. Quantum entanglement I have understood that it is one of his favorite specialties and doing an exercise of imagination, I find a parallel suspect in the library and documentation; (Original Sentence: The physical properties of objects related stories can be correlated in a range prohibited by any classical theory, in such an extent that can only be described accurately if we refer to both simultaneously. This phenomenon is called quantum entanglement) implying that the interweaving of data and components of a document is of quantum properties, in their opinion, could you ever talk Documentation Documentation Quantum and Engineering, or perhaps that statement is too pretentious?
R. I believe there is an analogy but it's still different. I agree with what you say that the interlocking systems have the property that if two objects you have to look at the two objects to remove information. Each of them have no information, is 0 and look at them at once to get some information and that this related to what you said. What happens is that this is the qualitative part. But there's another part that is more quantitative, which is obtained much information, and that's the part that has no classical analogy because it is based on the properties of quantum mechanics, ie that things are not defined be that an object is viewed from two perspectives at once.
In documentation if you have two systems that are correlated there is information the look or not look, but in quantum information systems there until the watch and that is an essential part of all quantum applications we talked about previously. Now, that quantum mechanics can be used in these strange properties, in that the properties are not defined in the documentation, I think if it had a relationship with the documentation and could be called quantum documentation, and would be more related with databases, ie if we could store information such expressions and quantum and be defined in a manner more relevant to be recovered more efficiently, we would have a purely documentary value in the experimental field and that's what they talked about how to retrieve specific data, but that does not serve us the actual documents and storage systems available on the market.
IX. Read other interviews that they made one of its main achievements is the development of encryption systems and I emphasize "impregnable" and of value to the confidentiality and security of sensitive data. My question in this regard is the following: Do you think feasible to adopt such systems in the media, information management and administration of major countries?
R. Encounter different issues in this question. Today, if you can implement and use systems quantum cryptographic communications can send messages secret, secret ballots cast, electing candidates, making a series of important tasks in everyday life ... but today is very expensive deploy and cost too much money for what is not willing to pay and why are investigating ways of reducing and make such systems more viable. But all these systems of communication that I am commenting have limitations of no more than 10 to 20 kilometers and would serve to link a city but not for example the distance between Madrid-Barcelona and Madrid much less New York. In the field of current research area is studying and amplify the signal.
X. Perhaps by repeaters could amplify the signal and thus improve the range of quantum communication?
R. That is one of the systems being investigated today are called quantum repeaters. What happens is that repeaters do not work as classic, do not amplify the signal, since one of the laws of quantum mechanics it is impossible to define copy information is the non-cloning theorem, ie can not be cloned well something. As with quantum mechanics has to be done otherwise.
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